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Wednesday, October 27, 2010

Disaster Stories of All the Universe Until the 19th century

1.Black Death in Europe from 1347 to 1351 = 75 million people killed

Black Death was an epidemic disease outbreak PES and pneumonia which devastated Europe between the years 1347 and 1351. Black death which occurred at around 1300s was probably the worst disaster ever befall mankind civilization on this earth.Spread throughout the world, the black death has killed at least 75 million people, including 25 million people in Europe. In fact, the black death to kill one out of every four Europeans in just over four years. This disease probably originated from China, then transmitted to the people of Europe when a Kipchak (Mongols) invaded a crowd with an infected corpse tossed into the middle of commercial center in the Crimea. Then they will plague reached Genoa in 1347, then spread to the west and north, reaching London and Paris in 1348. Plague first time they will probably carried by rat fleas which also can live in humans. It was later turned into a plague pneumonia is spread through coughing and sneezing. After the black death plague these, terrain filled with mayat2, houses, villages and cities become desolate and empty. After that there was a scarcity of labor so that their wage increases and many slaves get their freedom. It is said that thousands of human framework used as the basic construction of buildings Chapel Evora in Portugal it is a frame of the victims of plague black death malignancy. Extinction black death largely due to improvements in sanitation, which weakens the ability of carriers of plague flea defense.


Worldwide 2.Epidemi Great Influenza 1918-1919 = 22000000-40000000 killed

Great influenza epidemic occurs in two waves. First wave begins in 1918; Wave II after the virus has mutated, in the start in the summer of 1918. Specific influenza viruses in 1918-1919 which erupted into a major influenza epidemic, first appeared in February 1918, in San Sebastian, Spain, a small coastal town about thirty miles from the French border. The disease attacks most of Europe and the United States. In September 1918, 387 people died per day in the United States from influenza, all 12,000 people. As a comparison of what happens in october in amerka union, 6300 people died per day due to influenza reached a staggering total, 195 000 deaths in that month. This is one of the worst month of death in the history of the United States.

3.Epidemi AIDS Worldwide Late 1970s-Until today more than 22 million people killed

AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a disease caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS appeared in Africa in the 1950s, possibly originating from a green monkey and believed to have been transmitted to humans when monkeys infected by the HIV virus has infected lab worker. In the late 1970s in the thought that a prmugara who is gay in the airline known as patient zero who brought AIDS to North America. This man who later died of cancer in 1984 believed to have been infected gay men in ten cities through s ** s are not safe and the disease began to spread quickly in the gay community. While this has become widespread among women and children. UNAIDS and WHO estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making AIDS as one of the most devastating epidemic in history. AIDS epidemic claimed that the estimated 2.8 million (between 2.4 and 3.3 million) live in 2005 and more than half a million (570,000) are children. In 2005, between 3.4 and 6.2 million people are infected and between 2.4 and 3.3 million people with AIDS died, an increase from 2003 and the highest number since 1981. Whatever the means of spreading the HIV virus or the social group most affected, the reality is that AIDS is one of the worst pandemics ever struck mankind. If the virus mutates so that bias malalui infectious air, then AIDS is very easy to destroy life on earth.
4.Wabah Chinese Famine of 1876 China's northern people were killed from 1876 to 1878 = 9000000-13000000

Outbreaks of this terrible famine was the worst outbreak in the history of China and in fact in the history of the world's gave birth to the phrase portrayal "ten thousand man hole." Ten thousand human hole is a very large mass graves that hold tens of thousands of corpses. There are so many holes to ten thousand people throughout the provinces in northern China during this famine plague broke through to near 13 million in a period of 3 years. Nearly 12,000 people have died within a day. The reason is the drought that set fire to the northern Chinese province of years 1876-1878. Almost inconceivable that this huge area of ​​bias persist for years without rain, but this is what happens in China that began in 1876. In situations of this kind of hunger, crime rose sharply and suicide become the norm occur and continue. Cannibalism and the act of selling children are menakutkkan response to this terrible suffering. At the end of the 1878 rainy season has returned towards the north. Field back in planted rice and crops to grow back.

5.Kekeringan, outbreaks of famine, and epidemics in China during the 14th century - 1333-1347 = More than 9 million people have been killed

Wrath Various Elements.
This period begins with a dry season burning in southeast China. That was followed by heavy downpours that have devastated more than 400,000 people. When those who survived tried to overcome this tragedy, the earthquake had caused the collapse of the mountain Tsincheou that are not located not far from there, followed by a parting of the earth so that claimed more victims again. Beginning next month, in 1334, precisely in Canton had a huge flood. Ironically Tche city experienced a very severe drought that led to an epidemic that has claimed the lives of many more. Several months later, the same region was hit by a powerful earthquake that caused the overflow of the mountain collapsed and a giant crater. Thousands of people drowning death dilubang which has formed this earthquake. The following year, the year 1335, in drought-hit areas of Hunan for 5 months to bring an outbreak in its various forms. Tens of thousands were killed. In 1336 the southern part of China hit by a wave up and down that horrible. In the case of a combination of drought followed by floods which affected the outbreak the worst famine in history. This plague has killed 4 million people. Of course this much death followed by the increasing number of locusts as well as the floods that occur periodically and then the earthquake that occurred during 6 full days.
In 1338, the ancient city Kingsai and surrounding areas have been hit by an earthquake which reportedly lasted for 7 days. Followed by the spread of locusts which increased the misery of hunger this. Year 1339 from Hecker cited essay: "Mountain Hot chang has collapsed and caused flooding that destroy and after the rain for three months followed by a pool of water on Pien tcheon and Leang tcheou that had destroyed seven cities" of 1340-1343 has brought catastrophic earthquake occurred repeatedly in China.tahun 1344 brought a very large tsunami that destroyed the city Ventcheou. Year 1345 has witnessed floods and famine in Kitcheou and this period ended by a flood in 1346 in Canton. Whatever the distance, at any time any person can become victims of diseases that come from other corners of the earth.

6.Bencana drought, famine and disease plague the southern and western India; northwestern Punjab region of India from 1896 to 1901 = 8.25 million people were killed.

Over a period of 5 years (1896-1901) India has been experiencing a bad drought that has constantly resulted in outbreaks of diseases that do not know twelve Kasian and deadly. Over the past 5 years that has claimed the lives of approximately 8.25 million.Amount menguncangkan with more than 4700 deaths per day. Beginning in 1896, southern and western India appears to have no end drought covering an area more than three hundred thousand miles (480.000km) square and the peak years of 1896-1901 a terrible famine in which 6juta of Indians were killed. Followed by the nightmare of drought and outbreaks of disease during the two years that has claimed the lives of approximately 2.25 million Indians. At first the people starving from the most severe the region had to find another region that has something to eat. They ate cactus plants, roots, fruit strawberry fruit wherever they are found even eat grass. Finally, the number of victims die and merajelalanya hunger has led to things that are not inevitable: cannibalism. As has been witnessed throughout history, people are forced to eat human flesh when the hungry are not overwhelming. Drought is inevitable but disease outbreaks can be suppressed and treated. Unfortunately India is poor country, then the number of victims who died during the period of 5 years is an alarming loss in human life and became an epic about the example of dumb suffering of mankind.

7.Wabah hunger-Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 = 7 million people were killed.

Outbreaks of famine was named as "the biggest crime of Stalin." As reported in thre great international disaster book written by James Cornell, the soviet union have been exporting 1.7juta tons in 1932 and 1.8juta tons of rice in 1933, makana materials that can meet the 17.5 million people with a thousand calories per day for two years. Harvest is plentiful but the government imposed strict measures against the peasants, so they had to give 70% of all of the harvest. A number of farmers trying to survive selling everything they own including their clothing in order memeli rye bread on the black market. Bread is often contaminated by a fungus which can lead to gangrene and in the worst case of death and starvation. If found to hide the food will ditembang. Cannibalism is a last resort for those who hunger. Human meat sauce and meat jelly bersaus often sold in secret. Soviet government under Stalin's secret famine plague this from the outside world and strict control of what may be dilipu by foreign journalists. Stalin was looking for a shortcut for this plague of hunger by distributing confiscated rice to the hungry. just wrote .. hue (_ _ ")

8.Wabah starving Volga Region, ukraine soviet union from 1921 to 1923 = 5 million people dead

As with the 1932 outbreak of famine in Ukraine that has claimed 7 million people (according to the book Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine), outbreaks of famine in 1921 an outbreak of famine in fertile soil. The government took the peasant food for later sale. It is true that the drought has occurred in Ukraine in the spring and summer of 1921 that resulted in crop failure up to 75%.However, the last harvest in Ukraine as a whole enough to give food to people who are starving. As with all long-term famine plague, cannibalism became commonplace. The children devoured by their parents; the bodies are cut and eaten by starving peasants. In the year 1921-1923 famine in Ukraine has ended the 1923 fall season in which this region enjoys a very large harvest. However, the damage caused by outbreaks of hunger does not vanish and the various efforts made over the next few years.

9.Epidemi smallpox Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua. 1520-1521 = 4,000,000 people were killed.
In 1519, Cortes (a Spanish explorer) brought smallpox from Puerto Rico to South America, especially Mexico and has resulted in the death of the Aztec natives who have no biological resistance amounted to between 3 million-4 million inhabitants. This is one of the most devastating epidemic in human history. Actually not only the Cortes who spread smallpox to the Aztecs. One of her dark skin slaves who had been infected but immune to the establish contact with the Aztecs have started this epidemic. which eventually destroyed the ancient Aztec empire. It is believed smallpox was eradicated completely in 1980, with the emergence of cases in Somalia last time in 1977.

England sweating 10.Demam 1485-1551 = 3 million people died.

This disease first appeared in 1485 from the writings of someone who is Italian, "a new disease permeates the entire royal family of the actual outbreak is scary .. sudden deadly attack the body's sweat, tear it down with pain in the head and abdomen, especially the terrible heat sensation occurred. Therefore, the patients get rid of the covers from the beginning, if they are dressed, they will remove their clothes, people who should be drank cold water, which suffer from this fetid heat, sweat the smell is not good .. all of them dying or no longer be dying after sweating begins, so no one or any of a hundred people who spared him "sweating fever in England, a terminal disease, also known as sudor Anglicus who had swept the English as much as five times and once the European mainland claimed the lives of approximately 3 million over a period of 66 years. Fever sweat sink inactive for 23 years after his first appearance, before reappearing in 1508 followed by a wave of illness in 1517, 1528 and 1551. It is believed that the epidemic in 1528 was the worst. After sweating a fever in 1551 never again found diinggris or in europe. Sweat is a kind of fever is contracted hantavirus by inhaling mouse droppings. Again, rodents and fleas are everywhere, has brought plague upon humanity and causing the number of victims who died very large.

11.Banjir Yellow rivers and streams of China 2297 BC Yang tse-twentieth century = Number of countless victims.
Yellow River in northern China is known as the "pain of China" because of the suffering he causes to the people who live within range of life-giving water and water perenggut this life. Yellow River whose length is 2903 miles (4670 km) is the longest river in the world-6 that provides irrigation to more than 640,000 square kilometers and has a width of 1.5 km. High content of yellow mud have given him the name. Yellow River flood was reported to have experienced more than one thousand five hundred times since the year 2297 BC. While the Yangtse river has a length of 3434 miles (5525 km) flows from Tibet to the east china sea. Yangtse has become a trade and transportation route since the past.

The following overview some major flooding Yellow River and Yangtse:
2297 BC, the Yellow River: According to ancient records flooding occurred during 13tahun. Not much determines the certainty of this catastrophe.
September-October 1887, the Yellow River: This river levee break into the high 21 meters in cheng chou in Honan province flooded 11 cities and 600 villages. At least 900,000 people have died, 2 million people lose their homes; and 75000km square under water.
September 1911, Yangtse river: Yangtse spill that flooded more than 700 square miles.At least 200,000 people drowned and another 100,000 died of starvation in the weeks after her. August 1931, Yellow River: Flood was preceded by a dry season for 2 years who have drowned 140,000 people and makes 10 million people homeless. Flood affects 51 million people and the number of reported deaths due to drowning, disease and famine plague reported as many as 3.7 million.
1933, Yellow River: Impact of life 2.7juta people and kill 12,700 people.
1935, Yellow River: Flooding the province of Hankow, 30,000 people drowned and 5 million people homeless.
April 1938, the Yellow River: Chiang Khai Sek ordered to blow up a dam to stop the Japanese attack. This creates a flood in the scale of the disaster, which may 500000-800000 people died. And millions more homeless.
1939, Yellow River: At least 500,000 people were drowned and many millions more died from the plague of hunger that follows after the flood.
August 1950, Yangtse river: A total of 489 people drowned, but 10 million people homeless, 890,000 houses were destroyed and millions of hectares of paddy submerged completely.
August 1954, Yangtse river: claimed more than 40,000 lives and made 1 million people homeless.
23 April 1969, the Yellow River: Hundreds of thousands of people died and 1500km square shantung province flooded completely.
July 1981, Yangtse river: in the province of Szechwan 753 people drowned and 28,140 people reported missing and 1.5juta people lose their homes due to flooding.
July-August 1996, the Yangtse River and Yellow River: A total of 2775 people drowned, 234 000 people were injured, 8 million people were evacuated, 4.4 million people left homeless and 8 million hectares of rice fields destroyed. Cause damage valued at $ 20.5 billion.
July-August 1998, Yangtse river and Shoshun: This is the worst flooding in northern China 44tahun. The total number of 4150 people drowned, 180 million people affected, 13.3 million homes were damaged or destroyed. The total damage worth $ 26 million.

Irish Potato Famine 12.Wabah 1845-1850 = 1,029,552 people were killed and 1,180,409 emigrated economic losses worth $ 725 million
Outbreaks in Irish potato famine and collectivization of Stalin both pick the equation.Stalin let millions of its own people starve while he was exporting tons of wheat to raise the State treasure chest. When the potato crop in Ireland failed in 1845 due to plant diseases, the Irish State still exporting crops and livestock to England while the Irish people starved to death or died from diseases caused by malnutrition. Potatoes are the most important crop in Ireland. Potatoes mixed with a little milk and butter sometimes eaten with cabbage in small doses, this is the original farmers of Ireland's main menu.Irish potato farmers generally eat nearly 4kg of potatoes a day. As the population becomes increasingly weak and started to suffer hunger of various diseases including typhoid, cholera, dysentery, fever, pneumonia and various other ailments caused by low nutrition, weakness and hunger began to reign. Outbreaks of hunger has changed the face of ireland and leave a deep wound that still hurts to this day. This is the saddest tragedy in history.

13.Badai Ganges Delta of Bangladesh of 1970, eastern Pakistan 13 November 1970 = 1,000,000 people died.
The bodies meet the mainland, and difficult to walk without stepping on the corpse.Corpses hung from trees, terrible. Like a rotten fruit that has a face and limbs. Millions of dead cow floating in the Ganges and the delta, and the water The immediate change to red. The ships were scattered on the mainland, away from the water in which they were previously tied. Nassar Birds eat with satiated for days after the storm subsided. 15-meter-high giant tsunami that came with angina quail hit with vicious, leaving these small islands as though never on live. The number of casualties reported by the new york times more than 1 million people dead. Three days before the whirlwind that brought this disaster hit, the wind is at detection was about as far as the Ganges delta 1.200km south east Pakistan which is now Bangladesh. A report from the island beach, in Burma (now Myanmar) has warned the islands in the Ganges delta coast. However, this report is denied or ignored for two reasons. First is the fact that approximately one month earlier, similar reports have been submitted and the storm had been predicted to be small with only a small number of dead. The second reason, this warning is not considered seriously is a lot of people at risk is not heard because they do not have electricity and radio batteries. Therefore, many people are right in dijalur this murderer was in a state do not know fully about the storm that is coming.
After the tragedy occurred, the Pakistani government does not care to give aid than foreign governments. Response time was the capital of Pakistan, Karachi, which is very apathetic and did not deserve eventually lead to revolution. The people of Pakistan who survived the storm entered into a bloody civil war to liberate themselves from the Pakistani government. Which then gives birth to the State of Bangladesh.

Great Earth 14.Gempa Shensi Province in China, Honan and Shanshi january 23 1556 = 830 000 more die
Shensi china earthquakes in 1556 held the title of a sad as the most deadly earthquakes in history. The death toll reached 830,000 a shake and feel in 212 provinces in china with magnitude 8.3. Many of the thousands of deaths from this earthquake experienced by people who were buried alive. Thousands of Chinese farmers have dug caves in the cliff side of the soft in this area and they lived in this hollow place. Shenshi cliffs made of gray mud and easily assembled in the tunnel, but unfortunately not so solid. At the moment the earthquake struck on 23 January this, this mountain has happened to thousands of Chinese people are not expecting it. They all died under the rubble weighing tons and tons of air. The destruction covers an area of ​​eight hundred square kilometers. Few other details are known of this most tragic earthquake.

15. Tangshan earthquake, China Tangshan China 27 July 1976 = 655 000 people dead.
Tangshan earthquake in China in 1976 believed to be the deadliest earthquake in the twentieth century. The number of victims killed as many as 655,000 inhabitants with magnitude 7.1. massive development effort took nearly ten years and cost $ 8juta.Physical activity from the mainland during the Tangshan earthquake is an admirable proof of the incredible power trapped beneath the earth's surface. Hundreds of thousands of residents who were sleeping diranjang killed instantly; hundreds of thousands were injured and thousands of deaths and injuries finally catch up due to illness. The number of bodies were buried a very large outbreak of more help.Government's failure to warn catastrophe of this kind make the number of victims and physical damage increases.

16.Wabah hunger 16 provinces in the southwestern Russian Winter 1891-1892 = 407 000 people dead.
Starvation is a slow and hidden ways to die. You could say people will eat anything when they are hungry. Just to put something in their stomachs are empty and screaming.Starving people have been known to swallow stones, sand and even their own feces when the hunger becomes unbearable. In Russia in 1891-1892, the level of desperation of this kind are widespread. People named it as "Bread Hunger" or "Bread Plague Hunger. This bread is a disgusting blob of weeds, combined with the chopped straw, tree trunks and sand. People will mix these ingredients together with water and perhaps also the grain in very small amounts (if they have it), and burn it all into hard clumps of yellow-black denominations that do not contain any nutrients and only serves as something solid in the stomach empty. All this happened because in 1891 Russia is very bad harvest due 5bulan period without rain or very little rain fell just before harvest.

Pes 17.Wabah Constantinople 542 BC = 300,000 people were killed.
In Constantine (now Istanbul, Turkey) during the mid-sixth century, life expectancy for men is for 25 -30 years. Life expectancy is even shorter for women and age when women marry is around 14 years. For growing populations. As short and difficult life in because of an outbreak of a pandemic at the time. Plague was known as Pes plague that struck Constantinople in 542. outbreaks of this disease is estimated to have killed 300,000 people in Constantinople in a year. The houses were filled with rotting corpses and mass graves into a common problem. Soon the death rate became so high and so fast. Thousands of corpses were taken to the beach and piled up there to left to rot; also piled up the corpses in the streets, resulting in a pervasive stench and hung in the city like a pall. Within a year the disease spread by ticks are almost invisible this has to do what can not be carried out by the conquering forces: an end to the roman empire and the beginning of the dark ages.

18.Gempa earth Syrian Antioch Syrian Antioch 20 May 526 BC = More than 250,000 people were killed.
Fire wrap everything in the city, except the land on the ground, the fire seems to have been receiving orders from God that all living things must be in the fuel. Antioch is a city of religion and culture of the ancient world that flourished, the city is a triumvirate along with Alexandria in Egypt and Rome in Italy. Earthquakes with more force 7 Richter hit in the early evening around 6 o'clock. damage occurs with instantaneous and very severe.Almost every building in Antioch has collapsed and the rest on to death almost as much as 250,000 inhabitants. After the initial shock there was silence and tranquility, which was immediately followed by aftershocks shake the resolve of this destruction. Fires occur immediately burn alive those who are trapped in the rubble. When the dust had subsided, there are still thousands of people of Antioch who survived and remained in the city. They would rebuild their city. For two years they worked., Houses built, rubble and ruins of the Holly and the churches in the wake and at the start. However, two years later an earthquake hit the back of Antioch. This time not as severe as the first but has been pulling down the entire building and killed 5000 people. And history also say goodbye to Antioch.

19.Gempa earth ChinaTahun Gansu Province Gansu16 1920 december 1920 = 200,000 people dead
Witnessing the work that had taken so much time and hard work man torn down in just one minute it was bitter and invite a sense of shame, even so, compassion for the citizens of the city was nearly forgotten in a moment of passionate interest since discovered that the various objects in the production of period, where a used to link this with the turn of the century. Charles Darwin-March 1835 earthquakes in 1920 that rumble through China's Gansu province is one of the natural disasters that are full of "things that are not possible." During the magnitude 8.6 earthquake, the region along the width of 480km and 160km has turned into something similar to "ocean of solid objects." Mainland bergemlombang move up and down, as if this land is water, the mountains shake with the rough and torn apart, causing many survivors believe that the mainland has moved places and giant stones have been crashing mercilessly hit Gansu province. The death rate is estimated at 180,000 inhabitants. 20,000 people have died from the cold during the winter. They do not want to build new settlements because they were shocked and stunned by the disaster was shocking. So they spend the cold season in the open. Gansu region then was hit by a major earthquake in 1927 where 100,000 people were killed and then happen again in December 1932 when 70,000 people were killed. In a period of 12 years, 370,000 people have been killed in a geographical region of China.

20.Gempa earth Messina, Messina Sisilia28 december 1908 = 160,000 people were killed.
We all were asleep when awakened by a horrible vibration. Vibration is throwing us out of bed. At this scary and precarious chimneys crumbling above us with no rest forever.Facing death at every step we. The first vibration occurred at 5.25. These vibrations arise from the Strait of Messina underwater. Followed by a tsunami-speed 500 miles (800km) per hour and as high as 50 feet (15meter). Causes broken gas pipes, burst water pipes, fire raged and the bodies everywhere. Until now, there is still disagreement about the actual number of people killed in this terrible earthquake, tsunami and fire as well. But three separate sources each citing the death rate as much as 160,000 people.

Saturday, October 23, 2010

WebP, a new image format for the Web than Google

As part of Google's initiative to make the web faster, over the last few months we have released a number of tools to help site owners to accelerate their Web site. We launched Page Speed ​​Firefox extension to evaluate the performance of web pages and to get advice on how to improve them, we introduce the Speed ​​Tracer Chrome extensions to help identify and fix performance issues in web applications, and we release the closure of a set of tools to help build web applications rich with optimized JavaScript code. Although the tool has been very successful in helping developers optimize their sites, as we have evaluated our progress, we continue to see a web page component is consistently responsible for most of the latency on the web pages: images.

Most common image formats on the web today was founded more than a decade ago and is based on technology from around that time. Some engineers at Google decided to find out whether there is a way to further compress JPEG pictures lossy like to make them load faster, while maintaining the quality and resolution. As part of this effort, we released a developer preview of new image formats, WebP, which promises to significantly reduce the byte size of the photo on the web, allowing web sites to load faster than before.
Images and photographs make up about 65% of the bytes transmitted per web page today. They can significantly slow the user's web experience, especially in bandwidth-limited networks such as mobile networks. Pictures on the web mainly consists of a lossy format like JPEG, and to a lesser extent lossless formats like PNG and GIF. Our team focuses on improving lossy image compression, which is a larger percentage of the image on the web today.

To fix that provides JPEG compression, we use an image compressor based on VP8 codec that Google's open-source in May 2010.Kami apply the technique of intra coding VP8 video frame to push the envelope in still image coding. We also adapt a container which is a light based on the RIFF. While this container format donate a minimum of overhead is only 20 bytes per image, it can be developed to allow authors to store meta-data that they want to save.

While the benefits of VP8-based image format is clear in theory, we must examine them in the real world. In order to measure the effectiveness of our efforts, we randomly took approximately 1,000,000 images from the web (mostly JPEG and a PNG and GIF) and re-encode them to WebP understandable without sacrificing visual quality. This resulted in 39% reduction in the average size of the file. We hope that the developer will achieve better in the practice of file size reduction with WebP when starting from a compressed image.

To help you assess's performance WebP with other formats, we have shared the choice of open source and classic images along with a file size so you can visually compare them on this site. We also released a conversion tool that allows you to convert images into formats WebP. We look forward to working with the browser and the web developer community in the spec WebP and about how to add native support for WebP. While WebP pictures can not be seen until the browser supports this format, we are developing a patch for WebKit to provide native support for WebP in the launch of Google Chrome. We plan to add support for transparent layers, also known as the alpha channel in future updates.

We are very excited to hear feedback from the developer community on our discussion group, so the download conversion tool, try it on set your favorite images, and let us know what you think.

source: http://blog.chromium.org/2010/09/web
p-new-image-format-for-web.html

Monday, October 18, 2010

How Important ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System for Companies

ISO 9001 has been widely applied in some companies, ISO 9001 has been amended three times first in 1987, second 1994 and third in 2000.
As with other standards, the standards ISO 9001 Quality Management System are reviewed periodically, each ± ​​6-7 years. When this review is being conducted in the last revision of the ISO 9001 standard which was issued on December 15, 2000 to ascertain whether these standards are still relevant or not with the situation and conditions of business / industry today. At the end of 2008, this ISO will issue new standards such as ISO 9001:2008 which will replace ISO 9001:2000. Companies that have implemented ISO 9001:2000 must make a change (up grade) to ISO 9001:2008 for can still use the certificate. Usually given tolerance within 2 years from the latest version was launched.

Review (revised) conducted by the various working groups and committees within the ISO / TC 176 through the processes that produce documents, respectively: Committee Draft (CD) 1, CD 2, and the final DIS / ISO 9001:2008 . Currently, DIS / ISO 9001:2008 are in the process of ballot to be a Final Draft International Standard (FDIS).
Some things related to the revision of the ISO 9001 standard are:
Overall, the changes that occurred only a few (minor) so that the organization would not be too problematic in adopting it into their system.
The design process for ISO 9001 revision is decided that if major revisions have occurred before, then the next revision will be made minor revisions.
Significant changes contained in the ISO 9004 standard which is a guidance document (not the requirements).

Here are the changes contained in the DIS / ISO 9001:2008:

CHANGES IN STANDARD ISO 9001:2000 vs. DIS / ISO 9001:2008
FCG Consulting Resources
SECTION CHANGES
0.1 Para. 3 Terms of rules / regulations (statutory & regulatory) associated with the product explicitly requested (must be identified from the start).
0.4 Added explanation that considers the development of ISO 9001:2008 ISO 14001:2004 standard.
clauses 1.1 and 1.2
• Mentioned returned product regulatory requirements.
• Note 1: added that the term of the product (in product realization), including the products purchased.
• Note 2: Rules / regulations are legal requirements (legal).
clause 2 Reference used is ISO 9000:2005.
clause 3 Description of Customer - Organization - Supplier removed.
clause 4.1
• The word "identification (identify)" changed to "determined (determine)."
• The statement regarding outsourced processes gnats are emphasized but the point remains the same.
• Note 2 is added to clarify that the outsourced process may be related to clause 4.7 (Purchase).
• Note 3 expansion of the type of control. Control is performed on an outsourced process.
4.2.1
• The wording somewhat laid back but the point remains the same.
• Note 2 is added to clarify that a single document may consist of a requirement for one or more procedures. A requirement for a documented procedure to include more of the document, such as: Correction and Preventive Action documents into one document.
4.2.3.f Clarification regarding references to external documents to be required in the Quality Management System.
4.2.4
The length of this clause be significantly reduced but the requirement has not changed.
5.1.a
Added the word "statutory".
5.5.2
Added requirement that the Deputy Management needs to come from members of the organization's management.
6.2
• Change of title but the sentence remains the same (changes in the command).
• Version 2000 mentions' ... ... ... ... ... ... have an impact on product quality ', is now a' ... ... ... .... impact on the conformity to product requirements'.
• 6.2.2 b) standa 2008 states that 'if applicable' training needs to be provided to meet the required competencies.
• 6.2.2 c) 2008 standard states that guarantee the fulfillment of competence from examination of the effectiveness of training.
6.3
c) including information systems.
6.4
Added note to explain that the work environment including noise, temperature and humidity.
7.1
c Added the word measurement.
7.2.1
• a bit stressed.
• the words 'relating to' changed to 'applicable'.
• A statement of the additional requirements specified by the organization to be considered by the organization.
• Added note to explain that the word 'activity after delivery', including: provision of guarantees, etc..
7.3.1
Added note to explain that design review, verification and validation are separate activities, although its implementation may be separated or combined (combination), such as verification and validation activities performed together.
7.3.2
In the last paragraph, the word these inputs into the inputs (only).
7.3.3
• The word 'provided' is removed and the words 'according to (Suitable for)' changed to 'that can (That enables)'.
• b) the word 'for' (service provision) is removed.
• Added a note that considering the scope of 'protection products'.
7.5.3
• Additional requirements to clarify that inspection and test status should be identified during product realization.
• little emphasis on recording kemamputelusuran requirements.
7.5.4
• Emphasis on the requirement to inform customers if there are problems and record storage.
• Statement "and personal data" is added to the record of intellectual property.
7.5.5
• The emphasis of the "appropriateness of (conformity of)" to "in order to maintain / maintain conformity to requirements".
• "where appropriate (Appropriate Nowhere)" changed to "if it can be applied (as applicable)".
7.6
• The word "equipment (devices)" in the title was changed to "equipment (equipment)."
• Words Referring to 7.1 eliminated.
• c) "are identified to be" changed to "have the identification to be able to (have to enable Their identification)."
• Note 1 is added to eliminate the word Referring to 10012-2 and replaced in Note 3 to explain the neighbor verification and configuration management of computer software (if used for monitoring and measurement activities.)
8.2.1
Added note to provide some idea of ​​how customer satisfaction can be measured.
8.2.2
• Requirements for documented procedure has been worded but remains unchanged.
• Added requirement to audit records and the results.
• Added requirements for management responsibility to the area being audited to ensure corrective and preventive actions are required.
• Note that the reference to ISO 10 011 was changed to ISO 19011.
8.2.3
• The statement "to ensure conformity of products" was omitted.
• Added note to explain that the organization should consider the type of monitoring and measurement process and its scope which affects the quality and the QMS.
8.2.4 Requirements for "maintenance of evidence conformance to acceptance criteria has been transferred but it is still a requirement.
8.3
• Terms of documented procedure has been worded but remains unchanged.
• The statement "if it can be applied (Nowhere applicable)" added the method to solve the problem of incompatible products.
• Requirements for completion of the product does not fit that covers events after the shipment has been transferred to the bullet d) but not changed.
• Terms of recordings transferred but did not change.

With this latest version of the plan to issue the authors suggest that companies are conducting or lemabaga ISO certification can choose the following 2 alternatives
1. As soon as possible to the ISO 9000 certification process prior to release the latest version
2. Delaying the process of ISO 9000 certification means to wait for the latest version

The choice of two alternatives depending on the urgency of the ISO 9000 certificate for the organization / company that will memeperolehnya.

source: CFG Consulting

Thursday, October 14, 2010

How to Know Someone Who's Lying

Able to know someone is lying to you will help your life for the better. Try to imagine for a moment ...

- Do you have an uncomfortable feeling if you can not immediately know that someone is memceritakan a lie to you?
- Do you live a life where you communicate with many people and often you have a feeling like someone is lying to you but you can not identify anyone?

Actually the answer is simple. Look at the movements of the other party to make, look at the eyes and smile. Why? Because ... .. body language can not lie.

I'm sure we all never get an experience in which we listen to someone talk and even though his words sounded plausible and real, but there is 'something' that tells us that these people do not seem to tell a truth. 'Something' This actually is a message from the brain that wants to protect us. Our brains have a remarkable ability to quickly read all that we see and describe tanda-tanda/sinyal-sinyal. The more we train our brains to analyze something, the more quickly and accurately the ability of our brain.


There are 2 ways people interact with each other: the words and body language.Sometimes one of two ways to dominate the rest, but usually they act in concert together. In short the way it works is as follows: after the brain analyzes words and body language of our speaker, the brain will send a message to us, which will make us react positively or negatively, such as suspicion, belief or doubt.

When 2 this way, the words and body language shows a synchronization, which means that we and the other person we managed to get an effective communication and information submitted is an honesty. But what if there are contradictions between the words spoken by the way we say it? I've read that there are more than 1 million body language. So we're here talking about an extraordinary tanda-tanda/sinyal-sinyal. But again as I have said above, the more often we analyze this body language, the more clever we also define whether we're talking the other person lies or honesty. Sometimes we have to combine 2 to 3 body language to get an accurate conclusion.

Before we talk more about how to know someone is lying or not, it's good you know in advance the 4 types of liars:

1. Occasionally Liar

We all would never do lie during life. Unusual occasional liar lie, just for some reason they do it, maybe because they want to protect himself, his friend, someone he loved or someone else. Keep in mind that behind every lie there is always a fear. Fear to face a reality. Liar occasionally think about what's really going to say that it seems reasonable.But because they do not usually lie, his body language still shows many signs / signals which indicate that they are lying. So it is not too difficult to identify the type of liar like this.

2. Liar Time and time again

Liar many times are people who lie 'regularly'. Unlike the occasional liar, liar many times did not have time to think about the lies because they lie all his life. But they actually realize that they're lying. These people are often stuck with their actions do not match what they are saying.

3. Natural Liar

Natural liars are people who lie constantly and often they do not realize that they're lying.Their body language also looks very natural, because accustomed to lie. But when they pressed with questions that corner, her body language showed the contradiction that identifies that they're hiding something. Type somewhat similar to a natural liar liar repeatedly. Maybe you've heard the term 'knowingly', yes this is one example of the type of natural liar.

4. Professional Liar

Type these liars lie for a particular purpose or deliberately wanted to trick us. They studied all the possibilities and find out exactly what they want to say. They create a scenario, taking into account the risk of failure and make backup plans. Although they are trained to use body language, but there is always the little things they missed. We can know the little things are very often observed, of course. One example of this type of liar is the salesman, apologize in advance what I mean here is a salesman who is too much to promote a product when the product itself has a very low quality. Another example is the corrupt politicians, they are deliberately deceiving the public for personal gain.
How you can tell when someone is lying?

No need to become a psychologist to be able to learn and to know that someone is speaking lies or honesty. A psychologist who have advanced to know exactly the patient is lying or not, as the psychologist who interviewed Princess Diana moment. He claims that Princess Diana was telling the truth when interviewed about the infidelity of her husband, Prince Charles.

You can analyze like that with the continuous training of course. Psychologists can because they are accustomed to read and analyze people every day.

As mentioned above there are 1 million different body language, I will summarize some of the general course that shows that someone is lying or not:

- The position of the body can be evidence to show that someone is lying, as they realized or not realized there is a strong relationship between thought and expression.

- Breath of a sudden. In every lie, the heart rate increases and breathing will be shallow / quick. Usually liar will take a deep breath to calm feelings. This method is also adopted by the lie detector machine, namely by measuring the heart rate the person being interrogated / interviewed.

- Anxiety in the parts of the body. This can be seen in various ways, depending on the person. Nervous movement that will attract our attention mainly to how we feel when we are talking to someone we know and the person doing the unusual. Here is an example of restlessness in body parts:

- Movement of the body back and forth, whether in a sitting position or standing.

- Position the sudden change. For example, the other person we're crossing one leg over the other leg, and when I started answering our questions, he changed the position of his feet. People who lie, even though he's a professional, will feel discomfort when he is lying. The body will always adjust our feelings without us knowing it, so the position is suddenly changed this is a good signal that indicates that someone is lying.

- These movements are not aware of the hands and feet. For example: shaking legs, shaking hands on the table, both hands tightly bonded, the two thighs pressed together with each other. If the other person we're in a sitting position and then he change the direction of your feet toward the other, it also signals that the person is lying.

- A smile is fake. A smile is identical with the familiarity and trust, and the liars often abuse it. So how to distinguish a smile liar? The liar will usually smile quite frequently and abruptly, which actually is not in place he should be smiling.

- Too many of the actions of 'quasi-familiar', like: pat your back, touch you or hold position on you. The other person will feel uncomfortable when you lie so that they will hide kekikukannya by doing such acts. It would be very difficult to decide that someone is lying if he committed acts in a friendly way. This is a natural human response. But still keep in mind, that if you feel that the intimacy of your speaker is excessive, be careful.

One again, a very popular proverb says that "when someone is lying will be obvious in his eyes.", You may also have heard it. But for me this way is quite difficult to perform than the above methods.

quoted from various sources

16 How to Use Body Language

Broadly speaking, body language consists of how you sit, how you stand, how you use your hands and feet, and what you do when talking to someone.

Below are some body language that you need to consider when talking to someone:

1. Do not cross your legs and arms.

You may have often heard that crossed his arms or legs can indicate that you are closed to you and this person does not create a good relationship talks. Open always position your hands and feet.

2. Make eye contact, but not at him.

By making eye contact on the other person talks you can make the relationship better and you can see if they're listening to you or not. But also not to look at him (continuous), because the other person will make you become restless.
If you are not accustomed to making eye contact the other party to make, indeed you will feel discomfort at first. But just do it on and you will get used someday.

3. Make the distance between your legs.

Gives the distance between the legs (not sealed) in both standing and seated position indicate that you are sufficiently confident and comfortable with your position.

4. Santaikan your shoulder.

When you feel tense, you will also feel the tension in your shoulders. Usually seen from a slightly elevated position and shoulder forward. Try to relax the tension by moving your shoulders and back backing or leaning back position.

5. You nod when the other person is speaking.

Nodding signifies that you really are listening. But that does not mean you nod excessive (continuous and fast) like woodpeckers, because you will look like artificial.

6. Do not bend, sit up straight.

Bending signifies that you are not passionate about, and upright intention here is to stay in the corridor relaxed, not tense.

7. Lean body, but not too much.

If you want to show that you are interested in what is conveyed by the other party to make, lean your body slightly toward him. But do not be too too skewed because you look like will ask for something.
If you want to show that you are pretty confident and relaxed, lean your body slightly to the rear. But also not too skewed, because you'll look arrogant.

8. Smiling and laughing.

Bercerialah, do not be too serious. Relax, smile and even laugh when someone tells a funny thing. People will tend to listen if you look as a positive. But also do not be the first to laugh if you own a funny story to tell her, because you'll seem nervous and like ask for pity.
Smile when you meet someone, but do not also smiled constantly as you will be storing things behind your smile.

9. Keep your head straight.

Do not look down when you talk to someone. You will look like are not comfortable talking with the other party to make and also looks like someone who is not confident.

10. Do not rush.

This could apply to anything. For those of you who have a habit of walking quickly, try occasionally to slow down your street. In addition you will look more calm and confident, you also will feel your stress level is reduced.

11. Avoid movements that indicate that you are nervous.

As touching your face, wiggle your leg or tapping your fingers on the table quickly. Such movements indicate that you are nervous and can disrupt the attention of the other person or persons who talk with you.

12. Efektifkan use your hands.

Instead you use your hands for things that can disrupt your attention to the other person, as mentioned in point 11 above, it is better you use your hand to help explain what you convey.

13. Lowering your drinks.

Often we talk to someone while holding a drinking glass in front of our chest. This attitude is somewhat less good because it will make the 'distance' is quite a distance between you and your speaker. Lowering the position of your drinks, even if you have to hold it until the near leg.

14. Do not stand too close.

The man who changed his position to be too close to his interlocutor to indicate that he is hiding something or have a specific purpose. In addition, of course, will make his interlocutors become uncomfortable. Always keep 'privacy' between you and your speaker.

15. Reflecting.

In the books on sale, I often find the term of this glass. In essence, when two people are connected and having a positive conversation, they are not aware of each other look in the mirror one another. In a sense you will slightly mimic the opponent's body language you speak, and vice versa.
You can also do a proactive look in the mirror technique (consciously) to further improve the quality of your relationships and your speaker. For example, if your speaker leaned forward slightly, you can also lean your body forward. If the person you put one hand on the table, you also can do the same. But still keep in mind, do not do artificial movement with a very short lag time and almost all movements imitated. The other person you will see an oddity and looked like a circus.

16. Always keep your attitude.

What do you feel will be channeled through body language and can be a big difference to the quality of your relationship and your speaker. Keep keep a positive attitude, open and relaxed.

Keep in mind that you can change the body language that is not good, of course, as long as you understand that to create a new habit requires a process. Do not also try to do all at once because it will make you confused and tired.

Focus only on the 2-3 body language becomes your priority and improve continuously for 3-4 weeks. After that time you will create a new habit. Then you can continue it again for 2-3 subsequent body language.

quoted from various sources

Meaning of Body Language (general)

Your body language will send a signal to the other person's subconscious mind. Through body language, the curtain will be parted feeling the other person.

We can study the body language of the listener. Purnawan E. World Wellness Andoko of giving the secret:

Language Head
- Lean toward you: interested, agree.
- Moving away suddenly: suspicious, do not believe.
- Prop your chin: bored.
- Nodding: agree.
- Many turn: do not wait to finish talking.

Foreign Language
- 60 percent looked directly: interested.
- 80 percent of the direct gaze: sexual attraction.
- 100 percent of the direct gaze: the resistance.
- Avoidance of gaze: nyem ¬ ¬ ring me something.
- Dilated eye lens: very interested.
- His gaze fell down and glanced to the left / right: interested in you.
- Lyric left / right directly: bored.
- Blinks fast: do not agree.

Hand Language
- The palm is open to the top: open honest.
- The palm of the pocket or closed: hide something.
- Clenched: tense, uncomfortable, angry.
- Closing the mouth / nose: an indication of lying.
- Form a cone: confident or confident.
- Hands on the table: ready to agree.
- Finger tapping: bored or want to talk.


Other movements
- Chest or hip Necessary: ​​sexual attraction.
- The foot tapping the floor: I want to talk or bored.

Tone or Speed ​​Talk
- Slow and final tone down: confident and controlled.
- Emphasis said: authoritative.
- Tone and rising speed: emotion, tension, or hiding something.

Language Rejection
- Legs or arms crossed.
- Glancing to the left / right, head turned to the left or right.
- Minimal direct gaze.
- Tapping a finger or toe. Direction not to your feet.
- Closed posture.

Language Disclosure
- Many with a direct gaze of the lens increases.
- Hands cupped shape of the tower.
- Directions to your feet.
- Open posture.

Language Ready
- Eye contact more than 60 percent and lots of smiles off.
- The body or the head leaning to you.
- Many nod and facing directly into your face.
- Hands open on the table.

Suspicious Language
- Closed posture
- Hand in my pocket or crossed position.
- The look of the corner of the eyes (glances) repeatedly.
- Directions menyerong foot.

Language Not Honest
- Many looked to the side, especially on the word or sentence was a lie.
- Hands are often shut your mouth or nose, or touching the nose or ears.
- Posture uncomfortable.

The Power of Mine


Humans have 2 elements in themselves play a role in life is physical and non physical elements. Physical element is your body and all senses, while the non-physical element is your mind. Both have different roles but are in a form that is yourself. Both of them can not stand alone, so inter-dependent. Just as the body will not be able to function without the mind, as well as the mind can not be realized without the assistance of the body as an implementer.

How Mind Works
You may not realize that everything that happened to you is the result of what's on your mind. Your body is run a command from the mind, which then responded by the universe with the same feedback. If you do something positive, the universe will give positive feedback as well. If you do something negative, then the universe will also give negative feedback. The question is how you can do something positive if the command that comes out of your mind is negative. Not possible right? In other words, was the master mind of the body.

I am sure you know the game Tetris. The human mind just like the game. Each input is entered into it will form a layer that will accumulate continuously. The same layer will attract each other and will converge into one group of layers. Layers were derived from the negative input layer will form groups negative. While the layers derived from a positive input will form a group of positive layer. Any new inputs that enter into the mind will increasingly reinforce each layer group in accordance with its type. Some of the inputs that make a positive layer is a sense of sympathy, happiness, compassion, sincerity, confidence, optimism, confidence, concentration. Some inputs that form the negative layer is anger, hatred, fear, anxiety, pride, envy, selfishness, hopelessness, self-pity, guilt, pessimism, self-conscious.

Well, now you can imagine that if you insert too much negative input into the mind, the negative layer group that will dominate your mind. And because the same type, without realizing you are being pulled all the negative energy from the universe into your self.Therefore, not surprisingly, then your life just the problems, barriers, noise and failure.So your task is to ensure that the entrance into your mind only positive things. Even further you will need to incorporate things into your mind optimistic. With mind and an optimistic outlook, everything you do will you do with a positive and confident. As a result, the entire universe will support you to make it happen. Without realizing it, you were pulling all the positive energy that exists outside into your self. If it so, success and success is not an impossible thing.

Becoming Your Own Employer Of Mind
The human mind is very fragile and easily shaken. When compared, our minds like a candle flame amid gusts of wind coming from different directions. Our job is to keep the candle flame is not shaken by gusts of wind. Therefore, the mind must be strengthened.Reinforce that is by inserting only positive things constantly. Just as the body needs nutritious food to grow healthy, as well as the mind needs positive things as food in order to function properly and be useful for yourself. On the other hand, as well as the poison will make the body weak and powerful, as well as negative things will make your thoughts become weak and unable to provide a good solution.

Strong minds will be easy to control. A dog that has not been tamed will be fierce, biting and only creates problems for his master. But if it is tamed, he will not only be a submissive dog, but also useful to help and protect his master. Likewise with the mind, if you can not tame it then you will be controlled and who he will only give you problems.But if you are able to tame and control it, then your mind will help solve various problems you face.

Re-Mind Programming
If you already know that what you include them in your mind to happen, would not you want to put something you want to reach into your mind that can really happen?

Never underestimate the power of your mind. If you are currently depressed and consider yourself a person who fails, be careful because your mind will make it a reality.If you now feel that your fate is over and you can not get out of his problems, be careful because that's what will happen to you. Change the way you see things. Tanamkanlah that there is always a positive side in every event, and use that side. Thomas Alva Edison had to try many times until finally he managed to create light. But he never said that he failed. He always says: "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 Ways That will not work. "I did not fail but instead found 10,000 ways that are not true.

I suggest you to reprogram your mind from now on. Tell me and instill in your mind the things you want to achieve. Imagine you have been successful through the problems you face and how you feel the excitement. Think about the things you would do when they already have in your grasp. Keep in mind that you are currently on the way and be successful. If necessary, you can also menyuarakannya with your mouth while imagining.To remember, use the form of a positive sentence. For example, say "I am a person who works". Do not use the phrase "I'm not the one who failed." Berkacalah in the mirror every morning before starting your day, and say:

God loved me.
Today I will do great works.
Today I will make a lot of new things.
I will be successful.
I will tear down all obstacles that exist.
I will work through all this trouble.
Other people eat rice, I also eat rice. So if anyone else can, I can too.

With reprogram your mind with things that are positive and optimistic, you have shifted the dominance of negative layers that are in your mind. Then, you will see and feel so much positive energy that you pull around you who will actually manifest what you want to achieve.

Source: google

Wednesday, October 13, 2010

Over In About Stress

Seringkali stres didefinisikan dengan hanya melihat dari stimulus atau respon yang dialami seseorang. Definisi stres dari stimulus terfokus pada kejadian di lingkungan seperti misalnya bencana alam, kondisi berbahaya, penyakit, atau berhenti dari kerja. Definisi ini menyangkut asumsi bahwa situasi demikian memang sangat menekan tapi tidak memperhatikan perbedaan individual dalam mengevaluasi kejadian. Sedangkan definisi stres dari respon mengacu pada keadaan stres, reaksi seseorang terhadap stres, atau berada dalam keadaan di bawah stres (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).

Definisi stres dengan hanya melihat dari stimulus yang dialami seseorang, memiliki keterbatasan karena tidak memperhatikan adanya perbedaan individual yang mempengaruhi asumsi mengenai stresor. Sedangkan jika stres didefinisikan dari respon, maka tidak ada cara yang sistematis untuk mengenali mana yang akan jadi stresor dan mana yang tidak. Untuk mengenalinya, perlu dilihat terlebih dahulu reaksi yang terjadi. Selain itu, banyak respon dapat mengindikasikan stres psikologis yang padahal sebenarnya bukan merupakan stres psikologis. Dari penjelasan tersebut, terlihat bahwa respon tidak dapat secara reliabel dinilai sebagai reaksi stres psikologis tanpa adanya referensi dari stimulus (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).

DIFFERENT WITHOUT FEAR

There was a time when we wanted to be like everyone else, and mimic the behavior and habits of our idol. At that time we usually even hate yourself, because it is considered less of this and that. Adolescents also experience a period where they wanted to favored friends, to the point of trying to shape hair style, clothes, nail polish, bags, shoes, etc. but really did not fit in body and in the bag.

80s-style hair Lady In endemic throughout the world and breakdance dimana2; 90s - a la Demi Moore's appearance and splashy disco-diskoan; era 2000s - Internet, blogs, Friendster, Facebook, Twitter, clubbing, a trip to the mall, watch, ' hanging out ', etc..Many changes and variations, one can follow but there are many who feel alienated.There's curiosity bandwagon, but can not afford, do not have the capital, can not enjoy, etc.



Why forced? In fact, teenagers do not want to impose ourselves, but Tempation to follow the style and habits of friends is much greater because of the direct effect is felt. There are so often invited to get together with my, are invited to watch, was elected a member of this or that, even just in the liver was pleased to greet it (because it is usually not tersapa). All this leads to the need to establish identity. For that, need a lot of positive feedback to build a positive self-concept. Not surprisingly, at this time the teenagers find a variety of opportunities and possibilities to establish identity, including engaging with groups that can channel the inspiration, creativity, hope and establish the values ​​themselves.

Often overidentify Adolescents with heroes, Such as rock stars - or form cliques That confer a kind of collective identity on Them and in the which They stereotype themselves, Their Ideals and Their Enemies. These behaviors are part of Their effort to understand themselves and to formulate values
(Erik Erikson, psychologist)

The need for this identity that encourages teens to join the group. Teenagers are generally considered together is an expression of status, a symbol of "child slang" though with different degrees of intensity. So that almost all teenagers think, itself - is ugly, a sign can not get along, or do not like friends because of its rarity. As a result, many teens who do not have any friends, or even have no close friends, often finds that he is bad, bad, ugly, not cool, stupid and has lot of other negative attributes, accompanied by feelings of anger, hate, confusion and perhaps annoyed at myself own.Most first blamed, if not himself, usually - their parents "why I was born like this", why am I not allowed to paint my hair? "This gara2 mama do not allow me to a party at a friend" .. etc.

Teenagers are generally often face pressure from the environment, whether intentional or not. Accidentally, it means there is a teenager who accidentally cornered or made her feel uncomfortable and even hurt feelings. While unintentional, could be youth themselves who are uncomfortable because he was not disconnected with his friends.
Pressures faced by teenagers from his friends (peer pressure) so it demands a heavy load and due to the high intensity of the meeting. Every day teenagers met with the same friends from morning to afternoon / evening. Without realizing it, a sense of self teens suspended from the attitudes and reactions of others towards them. The problem is, if the negative reaction, adolescents who had a tendency "discouraged" or weak self concept, will absorb whatever other people say about him. It's so dangerous, because it is not necessarily true that assessment, let alone accurate. Meanwhile, teenagers are in the process discover the identity of "who I am."
Often Adolescents experience identity confusion (about sexual urges, Important decisions about That They May feel unprepared to make; Want To Participate in society but are Afraid of making Mistakes, or being misled). Teens cans develop a negative identity - a sense of being unworthy or bad Potentially
(Erik Erikson, psychologist)

These conditions make teenage stress, because it appears the urge to follow anyone who is considered an idol, or equate a lifestyle and appearance, such as friends who become their reference. The motivation, in order to have one thing in common with them. The similarity is expected to eliminate the individual elements that he considers not OK because of melting in group identity. Begin to change the appearance of youth, haircuts, hair color, nail polish uniforms, and even his life agenda is also adapted to the agenda of the group. The problem is, if the group was positive and many constructive activities (which build and develop the quality of self), teens can get benefits. The problem is, if the group was actually more negative and destructive (destructive), can damage the adolescent self-concept itself plunged into action and even dangerous.Moreover, if teenager is difficult say "no" when asked to engage in activities that do not fit his conscience.
Sure, every teenager wanted to be "standing on his own," or dare to be yourself. But to dare to be so, young people must have something strong in him, so do not be afraid of the reaction of others. That power could be an outstanding talent and ability, broad knowledge and logical thinking, principles and values, or even attitude (attitude) that has become a positive part of the character, eg social care, commitment, responsibility, leadership, etc.. For those who do not have the power, this time to develop power from within so that the period of identity formation, adolescents can gather evidence of positive rather than "words and the response of people", but based on personal experience and of course, the uniqueness of self.
Develop your own keunikanmu

Each teen must have a uniqueness, there already exist that have not been excavated.There is already expressed through various ways to become a prominent talent. But not all able to find a pearl inside him.
Starting from the interests and hobbies

There are many ways that teens can do to dig uniqueness. Extracurricular programs exist that facilitate adolescent interests and hobbies. Basketball, volleyball, martial arts, multimedia (computers and his brothers), dancing, singing, organizing, sewing, making cakes, accessories and even automotive - do not cost a great course. If teens have initiative, be able to use the facilities surrounding it. At school, at home, even for those interested in automotive, can learn from seeing neighbors work especial vehicle engine.For those who like art and craft, recycle many materials can be used and make money, too. These are just examples to show, if there's a will, there is a way!

Why are your hobbies and interests important? In the process of looking for identity, adolescents are often confused when asked, are you? What are your skills? What kelebihanmu? Hobbies and interests actually one of the foundations for healthy growth of character. Teenagers who have talent and interest manifested in the form of a hobby, will be more confident and not easily influenced by opinions or environmental stress. Not easily swept away and have a better adaptability.

Of hobbies and interests that is, teens build self milestone while providing what the mystery picture and want to know what kind of life who want to pass. So if teenagers have a variety of unique, different interests, preferences, skills, talents and choices, it is very reasonable and even good. Imagine if all the teenage uniform, the color and segaya, etc. sepola thought. Become like a robot or a mass production. The difference it will make many discoveries, new creations, and always dynamic. Dynamism and uniqueness that makes teens can grow according to their roots and find a way consistent with his vocation, not the bandwagon to take on the role that's not intended for him. If adolescents can develop the power of self, then teenagers are not easily subject to peer pressure; if ever exposed to, have the strength to bounce back because they know that life is not only current and friends not only in the environment that's all.

So no need to fear is different, because of the differences that can bring every teenager to find his identity. In contrast are cool too!

Identify the Cause and How to Overcome Depression



Maybe we already recognize the word depression, but what causes depression and how to overcome them. Depression is synonymous with feeling sad, depressed, upset, unhappy, and miserable. People generally use the term depression to refer to the situation involving sadness, resentment, no sense of pride, not powered, and others.There are two kinds of depression, namely mild and severe depression (settled).

Mild depression comes and goes by itself, marked with a heavy heart, sad, and gloomy.Major depression characterized by feelings of worthless or guilty, and often accompanied by physical symptoms such as decreased weight gain, headaches, to not feeling well. Patients with severe depression tend to withdraw, do not care about the environment, as well as limited physical activity.

One symptom of depression is the mind and slow-paced motor movement (psychomotor retardation). Cognitive functions such as, remembering, learning, thinking becomes impaired. So both in the learning process in students and working adults will decrease the quality.

Because occurrence of Depression

Need to know the causes of depression. There are several things that can cause depression, namely:

First, the sad incident. Like the death of a loved one who can continue to depression.The period of mourning is an important part of the process of adjustment to a loss.Depression is often called reactive depression.

Second, ordinary stress. Stress is a physical and emotional reaction to a stressful situation, demanding, or burdensome. Depression due to stress are usually driven by the tensions, both at home, school, office or other social places.

Third, this particular woman. Depression can also appear in the days before menstruation, so-called pre-menstrual depression. Disorders vary and is a common occurrence. This has coincided with the emergence of attitudes easily irritated, rough, and physical symptoms of weight gain, headaches, nausea and stomach.

Fourth, the disease caused by infection. Diseases caused by infection is often followed by periods of depression.

Of all the explanations about the causes of depression, then how do I fix this? Not good if we are not constantly depressed? If the cause is a sad event, so do not expect that recovery will come in a few days.

It takes time to get out of depression. Chatting on the cleric about the fate and wisdom behind all these events can help. If severe, then go medicine. Patients will be given a kind of sedative antidepressants.

Can also visit the psychological treatment. One way in which the therapist is encouraged to discuss feelings and anxiety sufferers, and can provide management assistance and advice.

If the cause is usually stress, so try to limit stress is as small as possible with as much as possible to avoid major changes in your life. Try to share with the people closest to you and how to deal with your stress. Take a moment each day for relaxation divert tension and anxiety.

Especially for PMS depression, your doctor will usually give pyridoxine (vitamin B6) daily. If depression is a result of infection, then do not be too hasty return to the daily schedule after the sick. Keep eating and sleeping enough is enough to speed recovery.

Please note that the role of the family and the environment also affects the healing from depression. If people are always reminded that we always care about them, then this will reduce the impact of depression such as feelings of isolation (exclusion), for example.So hopefully people will be motivated to be able to recover.

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